Cubital tunnel syndrome, also known as ulnar neuropathy, is compression of the ulnar nerve which passes close to the surface of the skin in part of the elbow commonly referred to as the ‘funny bone’. The condition causes pain, numbness and muscle weakness in the hands and arms and may require a surgery if the nerve damage is severe.
Causes of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
The condition is caused by pressure from the surrounding bones or connective tissues on the ulnar nerve. This may be due to injury, inflammation or certain kinds of tumours. You may also be at risk of cubital tunnel syndrome if you keep your elbow bent for long periods of time – for example, when talking on the phone – or you habitually lean on your elbow. Some kinds of repetitive actions, particularly those that involve using a twisting motion (such as baseball pitchers throwing the ball) can damage the ligaments in the elbow. In some cases, the condition develops as a result of abnormal bone growth in the elbow.
Symptoms of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome often worsen over time. They may begin with a tingling sensation in the fingers and pain or numbness in the elbow. Over time you may start to experience weakness in your hand, problems pinching the thumb and little finger together, muscle wastage and deformities in the hand which may become claw-like.
Diagnosis of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Your doctor will carry out a physical examination and may request a electromyography test to identify any areas of nerve damage as well as determining the severity of the condition.
Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
If the pressure on the ulnar nerve is slight, the condition can be managed with conservative treatment. For example, you may need to alter your everyday activities to avoid putting pressure on your elbow. Wearing protective elbow pad may help and you might also need to wear a splint at night to keep your elbow straight. If the condition is severe, you may need surgery. There are various types of procedure including decompression of the ulnar nerve, trimming the medial epicondyle (the bump on the inside of your elbow) under which the nerve passes, or moving the nerve. Your orthopaedic surgeon will advise on the most appropriate treatment for you. Surgery is normally very successful but it may take several months for your hand and wrist strength to return.
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